The main purpose of the NICS Data Reporting Act of 2026 is to enhance transparency regarding the individuals who are denied the ability to purchase firearms due to background checks conducted by the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS). The act aims to provide Congress with detailed demographic information about these individuals, which can help inform discussions and policies related to gun control and public safety. Key provisions of the act require the Attorney General to submit a report to Congress each year, starting one year after the law is enacted.