The main purpose of this legislation is to prevent the renaming of the Persian Gulf using federal funds. It aims to maintain the historical and geographical significance of the name "Persian Gulf" and ensure that any changes to its designation are subject to congressional approval. Key provisions of the legislation include a clear prohibition on using federal funds for any efforts to rename the Persian Gulf. Additionally, it establishes that no official documents, maps, or records can refer to the Persian Gulf by any other name unless Congress specifically authorizes such a change.