The main purpose of this legislation is to enhance the treatment of emerging contaminants in water systems. Specifically, it aims to establish a grant program that will help publicly owned treatment works, such as wastewater treatment facilities, improve their capabilities to manage and treat substances that pose new environmental challenges, like certain chemicals known as perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances. Key provisions of the legislation include the requirement for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to set up a grant program within 180 days of the law's enactment.