The main purpose of this legislation is to improve and expand middle mile infrastructure in rural areas of the United States. Middle mile infrastructure refers to the network that connects local networks to the broader internet, which is essential for providing reliable internet access to underserved communities. The goal is to ensure that rural areas have better connectivity, which can enhance economic opportunities, education, and access to services. Key provisions of the legislation include an amendment to an existing law, specifically the Rural Electrification Act of 1936.