The purpose of this legislation, known as the "Male or Female Only Act," is to establish a strict guideline for how federal agencies collect information regarding an individual's sex. The main objective is to limit the options available on federal forms, surveys, and documents to only "Male" or "Female," effectively prohibiting any other options related to gender or gender identity. Key provisions of the legislation include a clear prohibition on federal agencies from soliciting or obtaining information about an individual's gender or gender identity.