The purpose of this legislation is to protect the rights of individuals born and living in American Samoa, allowing them to apply for U.S. citizenship if they choose to do so. It aims to ensure that these individuals can exercise their rights and self-determination under federal law. One of the key provisions of this legislation is the amendment to the Immigration and Nationality Act, specifically concerning U.S. nationals who are not citizens. It allows these individuals to apply for a U.S. passport that identifies them as nationals.