The main purpose of this legislation, known as the Expanded Food Safety Investigation Act of 2025, is to give the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) the authority to conduct microbial sampling at concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). This is intended to help in investigating foodborne illness outbreaks, identifying their causes, and addressing other public health concerns. Key provisions of the law include the FDA's ability to request access to CAFOs for microbial sampling when necessary.