This legislation aims to impose sanctions on the Government of Canada due to the harmful effects of wildfire smoke that has crossed into the United States, significantly impacting air quality, public health, safety, and the economy. It establishes a framework for determining when transboundary smoke events occur and whether Canada has adequately addressed these issues. If Canada is found lacking, the President is mandated to impose sanctions on specific Canadian officials responsible for these failures, including visa restrictions and prohibitions on transactions with U.S. citizens.