The main purpose of this legislation is to provide specific guidance for juries in federal civil cases that involve claims of negligence related to the transmission of COVID-19. The goal is to protect businesses from what the bill describes as frivolous lawsuits that could arise from such claims. Key provisions of the legislation include a requirement for courts to instruct juries on how to evaluate negligence in these cases. The instruction outlines that juries should use a "reasonable person" standard to determine if negligence occurred.