The main purpose of this legislation is to provide relief to individuals who have received overpayments from Social Security benefits. Specifically, it aims to limit the government's ability to recover these overpayments to a period of 10 years. This means that if an overpayment occurred more than 10 years before the government identifies it, they cannot take back that money from the individual. Key provisions of the legislation include amendments to two specific parts of the Social Security Act.