The Lumbee Fairness Act aims to provide federal recognition to the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina, which has been seeking this status for many years. The main objective is to ensure that the Lumbee people can access the same federal services and benefits that other federally recognized tribes receive, thereby addressing historical inequities. Key provisions of the Act include the formal recognition of the Lumbee Tribe, which allows them to be treated as a federally recognized tribe under U.S. law.