The Ruby Mountains Protection Act aims to protect specific lands in Nevada by removing them from mineral leasing laws. The main objective is to preserve the natural environment and wildlife habitats in the Ruby Mountains subdistrict of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest and the Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge. Key provisions of the Act include the withdrawal of approximately 309,272 acres of land in the Ruby Mountains and about 39,926 acres in the Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge from any mineral leasing activities.