The purpose of this legislation, known as the Axing Nonmarket Tariff Evasion Act, is to strengthen the ability of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) to address and prevent the evasion of tariffs by certain entities linked to nonmarket economy countries. Nonmarket economy countries are those where the government significantly influences the economy, making it difficult to determine fair market values for goods. Key provisions of the Act allow the USTR to investigate whether entities are trying to avoid tariffs by establishing operations in third countries.