The main purpose of this legislation is to increase the penalties for using incendiary devices, such as fire or explosives, during the commission of federal crimes. This includes specific mention of burning the flag of the United States. The goal is to address the dangers these actions pose to public safety and property, as well as to deter individuals from committing such acts in connection with federal offenses. Key provisions of the legislation include a clear definition of what constitutes an incendiary device, which encompasses any item that can ignite a fire.