The main purpose of this legislation, known as the Fair Sentencing Act, is to ensure that a person's perceived gender identity cannot be used as a factor in sentencing decisions within the U.S. legal system. The objective is to promote fairness and equality in sentencing by preventing any bias related to an individual's self-identified gender identity. Key provisions of the Act include an amendment to the federal sentencing guidelines. Specifically, it prohibits courts from considering a defendant's perceived gender identity as a mitigating factor when determining sentences.