The main purpose of this legislation is to address payment disparities in healthcare for certain areas, particularly rural regions. It aims to ensure that healthcare providers in these areas receive fair compensation by adjusting the payment formulas used under Medicare. Key provisions of the legislation include an amendment to the Social Security Act that raises the minimum payment rates for practice expenses and work geographic indices. Specifically, it sets a new floor of 1.67 for these indices in areas where the calculated values fall below this threshold.