The purpose of this legislation is to enhance public health preparedness by improving the detection and monitoring of infectious diseases through wastewater surveillance. The bill aims to establish a system that allows for better identification of potential health threats by analyzing wastewater, which can provide early warnings of outbreaks. Key provisions of the legislation include the requirement for the Secretary of Health and Human Services to award grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements to eligible entities, such as state, tribal, or local health departments.