The main purpose of this legislation, known as the Baltic Security Assessment Act of 2026, is to enhance the security of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. It aims to address the emerging threats these countries face, particularly from Russia and other malign actors, and to strengthen the strategic partnership between the United States and the Baltic nations. Key provisions of the Act require the Secretary of State, in collaboration with the Secretary of Defense, to produce a report within 180 days of the law's enactment.