The main purpose of the Fair and Transparent Gas Prices Act of 2026 is to require the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to investigate the practices of oil and gas companies that may affect prices for consumers. The goal is to ensure that consumers are not being unfairly charged due to anti-competitive behavior or other unethical practices in the oil and gas market. Key provisions of this legislation include a mandate for the FTC to conduct a thorough study on the conduct of oil and gas companies.