The main purpose of this legislation is to address and counter the gray-zone operations conducted by the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the Indo-Pacific region. Gray-zone operations refer to tactics that fall short of open warfare, such as economic coercion, cyberattacks, and disinformation campaigns, which the PRC uses to expand its influence and undermine the interests of the United States and its allies. Key provisions of the legislation require the Secretary of State and relevant federal agencies to develop a comprehensive strategy to monitor and expose these gray-zone tactics.