The main purpose of this legislation is to prevent certain individuals and businesses from China from buying real estate near federal land in the United States. The goal is to protect national security and maintain control over land that is important for government operations and resources. Key provisions of the law include a clear definition of what constitutes "covered federal land," which includes land managed by various federal agencies such as the Departments of the Interior, Defense, Agriculture, and Energy, as well as land recognized as Indian country.