The main purpose of this legislation is to call for the immediate extradition or return of certain fugitives who are currently in Cuba and have been convicted of serious crimes in the United States. Specifically, it targets Joanne Chesimard and William "Guillermo" Morales, along with other individuals who have escaped prosecution or imprisonment by seeking refuge in Cuba. Key provisions of the legislation include a directive for the U.S. Secretary of State and the Attorney General to use diplomatic means to secure the return of these fugitives.